Determinants and Policy Implications

Question: Examine about the Determinants and Policy Implications. Answer: Presentation A general store is an immense type of self-served shop giving different assortments of family unit wares including food, drugs, garments and so on. The trouble of specific components over the food business and its extent of rivalry lead to the understanding that the connection among ranch and retail costs is aimless. So between the neighborhood cultivating retailers these general store mammoths must coincide to make more noteworthy assorted variety and permit a decent lot of rivalry. The Australian grocery store industry is basically commanded by specific elements like Coles, Woolworths and ALDI with around 1000 general stores and different shopping centers and retail outlets. More than not many decades, however the advancement of the Australian farming segment is generally driven by the grocery store industry, simultaneously, one should consistently remember that there needs to exist some degree of assurance which would permit the activity of little rural organizations unaffected. This will infuse rivalry in the horticulture advertise. They are various elements. Woolworths claims a combination of retail organizations across general markdown retail, food supplies, gadgets, equipment, alcohol and neighborliness. Coles additionally works in similar organizations and reaches out in protection items, mechanical wellbeing, coal mining, substance and compost activities. There has been considerable commitment of Coles and Woolworths on the Australian economy by means of tremendous business and different open doors that encourage nearby ranchers by giving more extensive access to end-clients. Australian clients have additionally increased significant advantages from the development of Coles and Woolworths in light of the fact that greater scope of items is open to them at reasonable costs now. This is basically because of huge size of their activities that causes them to haggle with makers a considerable measure of creation requiring little to no effort. Notwithstanding every one of these favorable circumstances it is seen that the rising activity of these elements in the retail division has brought about some exceptional negative externalities. Discoveries There exist colossal rivalry among Coles and Woolworths has bipolar impacts. It brings down the costs charged on customers and advances development of their item base. Then again, powers the providers to discover effective procedures of creation. Be that as it may, it is seen that the most noteworthy developing items in Australian basic food item area are cigarettes, pharmaceutical products, nicotine and certain energizers like caffeine (IRI-Aztec research report 2014). This mirrors the reality why Australians are having developing weight and declining wellbeing because of awful non-nutritious eating regimen. Market power implies a lopsided impact on the footing of exchange. As the piece of the overall industry of retailers expands, their interest turns out to be step by step significant in showcase gracefully. This involves development in fabricate, conveyance and so on. The two Coles and Woolworths are growing their duopoly all through the nation. This is pressurizing littler organizations in provincial territories as they are not fit to contend with these goliaths. Henceforth there is lost salary and work of the family-possessed organizations. So as to maintain a strategic distance from rivalry, both these elements are rehearsing Bargain-value advertising by diminishing the costs of items generously lower than the progressing market rate. This expands their deals massively to the detriment of the employment of various little ranchers. This is chiefly in light of the fact that the good impacts that ranchers experience from bigger market presentation, may not be sufficient to produce the ir costs and re-interest in their organizations. Over the long haul, in the event that the expense of promotions of these elements builds, at that point it might undermine total non presence of little cultivating class in the rural division. The Australian agri-organizations are as of now confronting the issues of high obligation levels and environmental change. Notwithstanding it, the procedures of Coles and Woolworths on the food showcase is forcing intense impacts on little ranchers, as they understand colossal decrease in edge of benefit. Bringing down expense and run of the mill produce requests from Coles and Woolworths, power ranchers to diminish their costs. So as to get by in this market, the ranchers will introduce economies of scale to diminish cost of creation. This offers ascend to centralization of food creation which thusly lessens bio-decent variety among developed harvests. This further prompts loss of food quality, water stresses, ailments and so forth. This makes the food flexibly exceptionally inclined to ecological stuns. Distributional system of markets likewise forces dangers on the economy. Convergence of stock in specific distribution centers is inclined to security dangers. It might likewise bring about absence of new and nutritious food flexibly in the country zones. Every one of these things make a shaky food flexibly with expanded helpless against cost and gracefully stuns. The two Coles and Woolworths are utilizing VIP gourmet specialists to communicate their trademark of new and neighborhood food to purchasers which thus expands their expenses. Be that as it may, this cost trouble is passed for the most part to the cultivators consequently diminishing their ranch door benefits. The critical significance of Coles and Woolworths in customer openness is constraining the household providers to deliver some perfect ware which coordinates their determinations and principles. This pressurizes them to utilize capital-concentrated creation innovation. At the point when these products neglect to meet the specifics expressed by Coles and Woolworths, it prompts considerable measure of food wastage because of its transient nature. Transcendent continuation of this procedure may definitely influence the economies food security later on (Food Waste in Australia - Future Directions International, 2012). Coles and Woolworths are expanding their scope of Home-brand things (RSPCA-affirmed chicken and eggs items), delivered joint endeavor with specific makers. Immense measure of these items are created and sold at modest rates. As these products are less expensive than marked product, it is making amazingly basic for free brands to get advertise presentation and rival these home brands. These secretly marked merchandise have likewise diminished the item run offered by the combinations (Deloitte Research Report, 2013). The pattern in normalization is moving towards prohibiting food flexibly from certain cultivating frameworks (Victorian Farmers Federation). The Australian Farm Institute contended that these procedures will slaughter the Australian profitability and will bring about new expenses in the general public. Every one of these practices really limit the capacity of little local ranchers to settle on their choices assorted and reduce the intensity in the residential food advertis e. Suggestions So as to improve the endurance of private companies where these flawed economic situations, the legislature should step in. The courts ought to be allocated the ability to authorize divestiture in required fields. Simultaneously there must be anticipation of the impact of officials over the business for pay-offs. This requires exacting monetary reviews by the legislature. The little free ranchers ought to be enabled and secured monetarily to such an extent that market control is all the more equally distributed, with the goal that nearby ranchers gets more space to get to customers. Despite the fact that privatization is a simple stepping stool to mechanical development and commercializing higher extent of yield and info gives more significant yields however every one of these favors the huge grocery store elements to the detriment of the little ranchers. It is clear that venture on horticultural innovative work has given enormous returns everywhere throughout the world. Along these lines these little ranchers require more space to contend with the huge players as far as info, water system, innovation, money and advertising. So the Australian government specialists ought to underscore more on the development of country streets information age and other foundation on the grounds that reasonable agribusiness development and food security in Australia relies upon the presentation of little and minor ranchers. Agreement cultivating is a critical defender that would assist negligible cultivators with overpowering the issues of fund, showcasing and inputs. The farming segment being the most exchange uncovered part of the Australian economy ought to be shielded from money variances and unpredictable costs. To fence the dangers of climatic change and low soil richness, the farming terrains ought to be very much inundated. The administration should dispatch different rivalry strategies that would keep up the serious idea of the market. The models of self improvement gatherings and co-usable social orders can likewise be utilized as promising devices to support the minor ranchers. The hole between the customers costs can likewise diminished through these procedures. End Market power is the fundamental worry in Australian residential food showcase. Exceptional duopoly intensity of Coles and Woolworths have colossal difficulties to little neighborhood ranchers, which drives them to battle hard to exist among these monster substances. Because of the perseverance of emptying and more appeal for creation makes the little food organizations non-manageable and have expected danger to residential food security. Despite the fact that in the short run, these economic situations benefits purchasers however over the long haul the circumstance may vary. Government should take activities to guarantee that retail showcase doesn't crash the market power balance between the monetary specialists of the evolved way of life. In the event that the development of these goliath retailers is excessive, at that point it might destabilize the food segment and harm the food security of Australia. In any case, it ought to likewise observe that the interests of the investors of these organizations are additionally served in light of the fact that they are the businesses to in excess of 400000 individuals in Australia. Along these lines the administration ought to streamline its needs over both the measurements by forestalling value wars in the economy and growing the monetary pie at the same time. B

Blood Alcohol Level (Bal) Essay

The measure of liquor in your circulation system is alluded to as Blood Alcohol Level (BAL). It is recorded in milligrams of liquor per 100 milliliters of blood, or milligrams percent. For instance, a BAL of . 10 implies that 1/10 of 1 percent (or 1/1000) of your complete blood content is liquor. At the point when you drink liquor it goes straightforwardly from the stomach into the circulation system. This is the reason you normally feel the impacts of liquor rapidly, particularly in the event that you haven’t eaten for some time. BAL relies upon: 1. Measure of blood (which will increment with weight) and 2. The measure of liquor you expend after some time (the quicker you drink, the higher your BAL, as the liver can just deal with about a beverage for every hourâ€the rest develops in your circulatory system). Understanding the impacts of a rising BAL can be exceptionally helpful in controlling drinking. The following are the outcomes of different Blood Alcohol Levels,from a book by William R. Mill operator and Ricardo F. Munoz called, â€Å"How to Control your Drinkling: A Practical Guide to Responsible Drinking (1982): .02 MELLOW FEELING. SLIGHT BODY WARMTH. LESS INHIBITED. .05 NOTICEABLE RELAXATION. LESS ALERT. LESS SELF-FOCUSED. COORDINATION IMPAIRMENT BEGINS. .08 DRUNK DRIVING LIMIT. Positive IMPAIRMENT IN COORDINATION AND JUDGMENT. .10 NOISY. Conceivable EMBARRASSING BEHAVIOR. Emotional episodes. Decrease IN REACTION TIME. .15 IMPAIRED BALANCE AND MOVEMENT. Unmistakably DRUNK. .30 MANY PASS OUT. .40 MOST PASS OUT; SOME DIE. .50 BREATHING STOPS. MANY DIE. As can be seen, the most dependably pleasurable impacts of liquor happen when BAL ascends to about . 03-. 05. Liquor analysts have found that low degrees of liquor specifically affect thinking; liquor brings about a decrease of â€Å"self-observing. † (Hull and Reilly, 1986). This means little amounts of liquor empower you to take your psyche off yourself and your concerns. As anyone might expect, this impact lessens pressure and improves unwinding in numerous individuals. A few people discover this impact so remunerating that they keep on drinking. Lamentably, these loosening up impacts reduce as BAL transcends . 05. Rather develop a large group of negative impacts, for example, less passionate control, coordination and judgment disability, aftereffects and unpalatable conduct. One method of controlling liquor is to figure out how to check BAL by inside sensations and to take care of the fortifying indications of a low BAL. Doing so will empower you to be more in charge of the amount you drink and, by concentrating on the underlying pleasurable impacts, have the option to appreciate liquor with more positive results. Blood Alcohol Level Charts are accessible in various assets. For instance, â€Å"How to Control your Drinking: A Practical Guide to Responsible Drinking† (Miller and Munoz, 1982) Contains tables which list BAL values by sex, weight, number of beverages devoured and number of hours drinking. THE FINAL CALL BREATHALYZER is a helpful apparatus in checking BAL. The one-time use breathalyzers are little glass tubes which contain yellow precious stones that have been impregnated with a receptive compound that turns green when liquor is available. One must breath into the inflatable gave and afterward let it flatten into the cylinder. The BAL perusing shows up in about a moment. Last Call surveys BAL with a safety buffer of give or take . 02. The Final Call Breathalyzer is valuable on the grounds that your BAL can be immediately surveyed with the goal that you get quick criticism.

Purchase Behaviour Analysis: Perfumes

Buy Behavior Analysis: Perfumes Ajmal Perfumes is a family claimed business, based Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It was established by the Haji Ajmal Ali in the mid 1950s, in India and has developed from an unassuming exchanging house into a multimillion dollar corporate element. Through 60 years of experience it procured rich legacy and expertise in the mind boggling craft of perfumery and cut a specialty for itself in the aroma business as a trend-setter in scent making and a pioneer in the promoting of fragrance items to a worldwide customer base (Ajmalperfume.com, 2011). It is a corporate substance with a tremendous arrangement of more than 300 of the best and most enamoring aromas and has more than 140 selective retail outlets over the GCC. Ajmal likewise has a nearness on the universal front, right now trading their dazzling scope of items to 30 nations over the world and restrictive nearness through select Duty Free areas and Airlines (Ajmalperfume.com, 2011). (Source: http://www.ajmalperfume.com/our_philosophy-pcident-1) Proclamation of the issue Because of current economic situations, which is exceptionally serious and progressively changing, particularly in the area of this specific store, Ajmal Perfumes is worried about the circumstance around it. Subsequently this examination intends to diagram the properties affecting buy conduct Ajmal Perfumes clients. Target of the Study The fundamental goal of this investigation is worried in plotting the components which impact the purchasing conduct of Ajmal Perfumes clients in their retail location situated in Murshid Bazaar, Deira, Dubai, UAE. Degree and Limitation of the Study Fundamental constraint of this investigation was the protection issue, as the store where information assortment was held given restricted access to its client base and data. Thus the examination didn't secured the socioeconomics of the respondents, which whenever utilized could get a change the conclusive outcomes as we would see it. Additionally because of restricted assets and absence of time the examination was constrained distinctly to the part of Murshid Bazaar situated in Deira and its outcomes can't show the circumstance in different parts of Ajmal Perfumes in UAE. Centrality of the Study The investigation of shoppers purchasing conduct as such is a significant viewpoint, as buyers are the primary factor of any fruitful business. It was seen that the significance of anticipating the characteristics affecting the shopper buying conduct in retail outlets is significant. This specific examination investigates the various viewpoints that have sway on purchasers purchasing conduct in the retail outlet of Ajmal Perfumes. The aftereffects of which can assist with taking concurring activities against feeble sides of the business, comprehend and execute the essential credits to expand the fulfillment of clients of Ajmal Perfumes. Meaning of Terms Certainty level. A rate or decimal worth that tells how certain a specialist can be tied in with being right (Zikmund, 2003). Graphic research. An examination intended to portray attributes of a populace or a marvel (Zikmund, 2003). Likert scale. A proportion of perspectives intended to permit respondents to show how unequivocally they concur or differ with deliberately developed articulations that go from positive to extremely negative toward an attitudinal article (Zikmund, 2003). Populace. A gathering of substances sharing some basic arrangement of qualities (Zikmund, 2003). Research instrument. An information assortment structure, for example, poll or other estimating gadget (Zikmund, 2003). Hypothesis. A reasonable arrangement of general suggestions used to clarify the evident connections among certain watched wonders (Zikmund, 2003). Variable. Anything that may expect distinctive numerical or all out qualities (Zikmund, 2003). Audit of Related Literature Writing audit gives an away from of the related research as well as the work which is now done by somebody in the comparative region of research. This part traces the speculations which would help in understanding purchasing conduct of clients by concentrating on the elements affecting it. Hypothetical Literature The information on shopper shopping conduct is a significant viewpoint in building up a viable and fruitful business. Past examines and hypotheses in shopper conduct contrasted with the hypothetical and exact work on brand decision conduct, recommended that buyers are utilizing shopping procedures as opposed to mark systems (Darden and Howell, 1987). Characterizing shopping conduct is troublesome, on the grounds that it is a perplexing and multidimensional idea with a few factors. Despite the fact that the idea shopping direction is portrayed by scientists from different viewpoints, certain significant factors are rehashed in the various depictions (Prasad and Aryasri, 2011; Nielsen, 2011). The meanings of shopping direction mirror a perspective on shopping as an unpredictable individual, monetary, social and recreational wonder (Darden and Howell, 1987; Shim and Kotsiopulos, 1993). The conduct of customers contrasts as indicated by where they are shopping and their inclusion level with the demonstration of shopping (Berman and Evans, 2005). Cardoso and Pinto (2010) inspected gluttonous and utilitarian shopping inspirations among Portuguese youthful grown-up buyers and distinguishes seven shopping measurements: joy and satisfaction shopping, thought shopping, social shopping, job shopping, esteem shopping, accomplishment shopping and proficiency related shopping. Related Studies Survey of the related writing has indicated that various investigates have expressed that client conduct is affected by numerous elements including store picture, brand inclinations, their financial plan and so forth. Rhee and Bell (2002) expressed that customers regularly have an essential connection to a principle store that catches most of their buys. Taher et al. (1996) and Sirohi et al. (1998) underline that it is significant for retailers to deliberately look for data of the retail support understanding and afterward plan to manufacture store dependability dependent on enlarged administrations, including their budgetary ramifications. Research directed handling of store traits by methods for which buyers conclude which will be their essential store. It is exactly analyzed that retail location qualities influence store decision and buys (Leszczyc and Timmermans, 1997). Store decision and support examines have concentrated on customers inclination to focus on a similar store. The current models share a lot of normal factors to anticipate buyer purchasing conduct and support conduct. In this segment, those recently settled support models are quickly surveyed, and afterward the significant develops are contrasted and examined with construct a calculated establishment of the examination. The primary thorough model to show the auxiliary connections among impacting factors of store decision conduct was presented by Monroe and Guiltinan (1975). In their primer model of store decision, Monroe and Guiltinan (1975) suggested that buyers store support conduct in changing setting is clarified by consecutive impacts of various builds: customers qualities, procedures for arranging and planning, significance of store properties and impression of stores. At long last, the analyst suggested detachment of store observations and characteristics significance, as a res ult of the relative perseverance and all inclusive statement of the store recognition contrasted with the significance of store qualities. They also recommended the significance of involvement in a store in the development of store decision systems (Laaksonen, 1993; Monroe and Guiltinan, 1975). Monroe and Guiltinans (1975) retail support model was refined by Darden and Howell (1987) who underscored the significance of suffering and stable shopping direction deciding a customers store decision. Darden et al. (1980) built up the support model of purchaser conduct, which gave an exhaustive image of support conduct. Terminal qualities, ways of life, social class, and family were predecessors to shopping directions. These precursors with media propensities and instrumental qualities likewise influenced store properties significance and the evoked store set. The second piece of the model was activated by boosts that set needs line moving and began the data search that prompted the evoked store sort. The evoked store set at that point affected store credit significance prompting support aims and support conduct. Schematic Diagram The accompanying graph shows that item property is autonomous variable, where the buy conduct is needy variable. Characteristic Buy conduct Combination At the point when the workers of an association are confronting stressors circumstances than this will be influencing their activity contribution and pushing the association to the lower level of the efficiency. The activity contribution is connected to the significance of the work in people routine life, which implies that in the event that one is offering significance to his/her work absolutely he/she is being faithful to his/her work just as to the association itself. Impacts of representative weight hands on contribution as per the specialist and scholar in the audit of related writing has given the image that pressure is influencing the activity inclusion that causes low proficiency, low profitability, low enthusiasm for working, absence of worry for the partners and loss of the duty, which is gradually pushing association to the track of misfortune. Research Methodology Research approach is a conversation inside the body of an examination report of the exploration plan, information assortment strategies, inspecting methods, hands on work methodology, and information investigation endeavors (Zikmund, 2003). Research Design Research configuration is an all-inclusive strategy determining the strategies and methodology for gathering and breaking down the required data. It is a system or outline that designs the activity for the examination venture. The destinations of the investigation decided during the beginning times of the exploration are remembered for the structure to ensur

Police Ethics and Deviance free essay sample

Morals and the police is a subject that a great many people are keen on. At the point when individuals utilize the words morals and police in a similar sentence, individuals typically consider police abnormality, police defilement, unfortunate activities, for example, medication and liquor misuse, sexual savagery, household debates, and brutality inside families. Most normal subjects individuals generally partner with police morals is police mercilessness, police double dealing, and maltreatment of their position. Cops in the United States are given enormous power and wide scope in utilizing that position. Moreover, to the normal resident, the police are the most noticeable image of the United States criminal equity framework as well as the United States government. (Wadsworth, 2005) Ethics is characterized as the down to earth, regulating investigation of the rightness and unsoundness of human lead. As indicated by â€Å"Ethics in Crime and Justice: Dilemmas and Decisions†, by Joycelyn Pollock, some moral measures of police are: authoritative worth frameworks or codes of morals intended to teach and guide the conduct of those that work inside the association, a vow of office which can be viewed as a shorthand variant of the worth framework or code of morals, and The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics as plugged by the International Association Chief of Police. We will compose a custom paper test on Police Ethics and Deviance or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Wadsworth, 2005) Ethical norms in policing are the accompanying: to serve and ensure the general population, keep an unmistakable psyche and not permit their own convictions to shield them from pushing somebody, to not decide by race, religion, or sexual inclinations. They likewise need to set aside any sort of biases regardless of what they accept to be correct or wrong, yet above all else they have a vow that they take to guarantee that all the police morals that are set up they follow to a tee. Some police haven't the foggiest what morals mean. There are a few officials that accept kickbacks to look the other way. There are a few officials that keep sedates out in the city, or permit wrongdoing to happen in light of the fact that they advantage hugely from debasement. Freak practices effectsly affect a police office and the encompassing territories they serve and secure. These practices comprise of police debasement, police wrongdoing, and police severity. Police debasement is likely the most widely recognized ethic aberrance in a police office. Debasement happens when police misuse their clout for individual increase. Frequently time’s officials get installments so as to look the other way with regards to specific wrongdoings. These installments are cash installments as well as come as close to home favors, tips, and pay-offs. Police debasement may likewise incorporate confining a suspect to possibly occupy consideration from another speculate they are making a difference. There are two unique sorts of debasement, inward and outside. Inward debasement is the unlawful demonstrations and understandings inside a police division by more than one official. Outside defilement is the unlawful demonstrations and concurrences with people in general by at least one officials in a division. There are three unmistakable components of police debasement that need to happen all the while for a degenerate demonstration to happen: 1) abuse of power, 2) abuse of authentic limit, and 3) abuse of individual accomplishment. The outer debasement by and large comprises of at least one of the accompanying exercises: 1) settlements to police by basically non-criminal components which neglect to follow severe resolutions or city statutes, 2) adjustments to police by people who constantly damage the law as a strategy for bringing in cash and, 3) clean unite where cash is paid to police for administrations, or where graciousness limits are given as an issue, obviously to the, police. General police abnormality can incorporate segregation, lewd behavior, terrorizing, ruthlessness, and illegal utilization of weapons. In any case, it isn't especially clear where severity, separation, and unfortunate behavior end and debasement starts. (2002, December) Police wrongdoing occurs because of police debasement. Sorts of wrongdoing include: bogus admissions, bogus capture, misrepresented proof, bogus detainment, terrorizing, police fierceness, police debasement, political suppression, racial profiling, sexual maltreatment, and reconnaissance misuse. Police unfortunate behavior additionally incorporates taking hush-money, ill-advised inquiry and seizures, provocation and bigotry in law authorization. Police wrongdoing abuses the pledge of harmony officials and their obligations as community workers. Survivors of police wrongdoing can be improperly blamed and indicted for violations they didn't submit. Police unfortunate behavior additionally makes doubt among police and the open that they are intended to serve and ensure. Police unfortunate behavior frequently goes uncorrected in light of the fact that individuals don't know or comprehend their privileges as residents. Educated residents can forestall police unfortunate behavior and turn away brutality, unfair feelings, and maltreatment of power. Police wrongdoing is the special case that most cops are well behaved residents, however when unfortunate behavior happens, police offices appear to be careless and neglect to address the issue suitably. 2002, November) Police mercilessness is the extreme, absurd utilization of power against residents, suspects, and guilty parties. An investigation demonstrated that most residents grumbled against cops as a result of the utilization of irreverence and injurious language towards them, th e utilization of orders to proceed onward or return home, halting and addressing individuals in the city or looking through them and their vehicles without reasonable justification, the utilization of dangers to utilize power if not complied, nudging with a nightstick or drawing nearer with a gun, and genuine utilization of physical power or viciousness itself for reasons unknown by any means. Police mercilessness causes an absence of correspondence between minority gatherings and the police division and an absence of trust in light of past run-ins with fierceness. At times police ruthlessness runs over into an officer’s individual life too. There have been a few situations where an official is captured because of abusive behavior at home and prompts an examination of their work life. More often than not there are smoke screens, when local debates happen with the goal that the division doesn't get negative inclusion if the occurrence was to get out. 2002, November) Ethics are viewed as a structure for most divisions in the United States. There are a few rotten ones that get ravenous and are presumptuous on occasion and feel that they can't be contacted on the off chance that they foul up. Police offices around the U. S. have a few issues with defilement, unfortunate behavior, and severity. More often than not these issues are concealed so that, these officials don't give the offices awful names and individuals don't confide in them and they, are having more wrongdoing on their hands as opposed to crushing the wrongdoing.

Compare and contrast the impact of late-19th and early-20th century Essay

Investigate the effect recently nineteenth and mid twentieth century industrialization with that generally twentieth and mid 21st penny - Essay Example Division of work is a key component in industrialization as it is basic to financial development. Then again, globalization alludes to the worldwide coordination coming about because of exchange of world assessments, thoughts, items, and general parts of culture and religion1. In particular, improvements in media transmission and foundation, utilization of the web are the center drivers of globalization. This paper will concentrate on both positive and negative impacts of industrialization just as globalization. It will look to build up the degree of comparative impacts at the two distinct stages. By 1750 industrialization presented large scale manufacturing as a few items could be made as a go. This is on the grounds that hardware supplanted human work and apparatus couldn't get worn out as human nature2. Along these lines, machines could work longer hours just as executing work that were at first done by a few laborers. Inside twentieth century, the crisis of globalization, creatio n was made female horse compelling and quicker procedures as high propelled machines could be computerized and work without human impedance. Globalization empowers creation of as specific item in an alternate area with same characteristics. This is on the grounds that procedures are duplicable and establishments are normal. Both industrialization and globalization gave training and human advancement to individuals. Prior to 1750, individuals were ignorant and crude as they didn't have a clue about the significance of instruction, schools were a back item, and there were no asset habitats to teach individuals on the significance of information. With the ascent of industrialization, individuals were getting mindful of instruction, schools were set up, and youngsters sent to class. In spite of the fact that learning foundations were accessible, kids favored going to work at the homesteads than going to class. During twentieth and 21 centuruy, schools were accessible to each individual ready to propel information; schools presented trade programs as global understudies would go on trade scholastic projects inside various nation or even continent3. What's more, individuals are happy to learn as it is general information that solitary the knowledgeable individuals scoop top employments. Briefly, individuals partner instruction with a fruitful vocation in spite of industrialization. Both industrialization and globalization negatively affect the earth. They discharge contaminations to water, air, soil, and air by and large. Industrialization presented individuals to a great deal of clamor from hardware, as the majority of the machines were rough and delivered a ton of commotion. This came about to either perpetual or incomplete hearing hindrance to laborers. By 1800, Mining was a significant business whereby excavators left open channels after the mining procedure. This was risky to youngsters and even grown-ups as could cause mishaps and passings. Synthetic substance s utilized in ranches contaminated soil and were for the most part arranged to waterways. This demonstration jeopardized the life of fish and other oceanic creatures just as individual since water treatment was uncommon and streams were the main wellspring of water. The apparatus utilized during industrialization was rough and could create a ton of smoke thus contaminating the air as coal was the fundamental wellspring of vitality. Then again, globalization had same contamination challenges albeit less harming than during industrialization since hardware were increasingly grown henceforth could discharge little smoke, water treatment

Miscellany

Miscellany Hey Internet! After not posting a video for a couple weeks I totally feel like: So I just made a vlog to get back in the rhythm of filming/editing/etc. If youre curious, here is the Buzzfeed article I mentioned (Im still waiting to be skyrocketed into fame as an arm model); my picture is second from the bottom. And because I didnt talk about anything MIT-related in the video and there has been a crazy amount of MIT-related things happening (everyone just decided to have their events right before Thanksgiving, making it impossible to attend all of them), Ill go into a couple of those things. 1) MIT Football The team has been doing crazy well this season (in fact, its the first undefeated season ever), leading to news featurettes around MIT Campus, Boston, and even National News. I can hear the whistles and grunts and shoulderpads smashing from every practice and every game (sound has this really funny way of traveling up to the top floors of MacGregor), but Im fairly confident that the crowd has never been as present or loud as they were for the last regular season game (last Saturday, November 15th). There was even a tailgate in front of the Z-Center (MITs main athletic complex) before the game! So much school spirit came out of nowhere, and I hope somebody who went ends up blogging about it. MIT just won its first playoff game in overtime today, so theres still plenty of time to jump on the bandwagon and offer up some sportsball support! 2) Lil B A couple weeks ago, there was an email sent out to all the dorms on campus letting everyone know that Lil B would be coming to campus to give a lecture: Yo, Lil B is coming to MIT on 11-21-2014 and is giving a lecture on BasedLiving so itll be on par with a Dalai Lama/Noam Chomsky kind of lecture. In case you dont know who Lil B is: he was featured on XXLs Top Freshman of the Year in 2010 alongside Kendrick Lamar, Mac Miller, Big K.R.I.T., Yelawolf, YG and Meek Mill, he is a supporter of the LGBT community, he was ranked 5th by the Rolling Stones in 2006 for his song Vans, and he is one of the hardest working people in the industry (his discography contains over 45 mixtapes and over 800 freestyles). I think everyone could get a lot out of a Lil B lecture and it would mean a lot to me personally if MIT is hospitable as hell and we fill up 32-123. So yeah 32-123 11-21-2014 9 PM. You gotta come. My first thought was to let a couple of my friends from high school know, because they are/were huge fans of Lil B. My second thought was that even though this seems like a ridiculous and amazing opportunity, I had already bought a ticket to a show that night. Even though I didnt properly experience the lecture and cant blog about it, theres a pretty good article online that has highlights, and theres also a full transcript. Hes a pretty great speaker, and it sounds like the room was packed with excited people. Im mostly just really, really glad MIT students are working to get more artists to lecture here. (I still have a tiny bit of hope in my heart that our commencement speaker might be an inspirational storyteller/writer/entertainer rather than someone who only has roots in science/technology but until then I will just be jealous of other colleges and listen to Neil Gaimans words elsewhere on the internet). 3) Fancy DNA   My friends Andrea H. 18 and Fejiro O. 18 (filmed by Diana L. 17) wrote a parody of Fancy to explain DNA replication, partially for a video contest for 7.012 (Introductory Biology) but mostly for fun. Theyre both hilarious and wonderful people, and apparently the song took 5 minutes to write, 30 minutes to film, and 2 hours to edit (ish). Andrea would also like to let everyone know that she is available for autographs. 4) The Old Man and the Old Moon (okay this isnt exactly MIT related but bear with me) Last night, 6 of my friends and I went to go see PigPen Theater Co.  perform The Old Man and the Old Moon at Emerson! It was a beautiful story told by a group of amazing musicians/actors/shadow puppeteers. You could really tell that theyve been best friends for a while (they started this theater group in their freshman year at Carnegie Mellon), and it just seems like theyre a bunch of kids playing around on stage. I imagine this dynamic to be similar to a bunch of MIT students who graduate and found a startup; just a group of friends who are passionate about the same project and want to learn and grow together. Personally, Ive always gravitated towards artistic group projects, and this drive has drawn me back to things like theater again and again. Even though Im not a performer myself, I really enjoy being part of something so creative and collaborative. But I can definitely see how the same desire could draw engineers or computer scientists together to create a product they are proud of, or even just to bounce ideas off of each other. (Something something about all humans being connected I dont want to end this post too cheesily though :P)

The Role of Media, Why Anorexia Cases Increasing Daily - 550 Words

Anorexia & the Role of Media, Why Anorexia Cases Increasing Daily? (Essay Sample) Content: ANOREXIA: Role of MediaStudentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameUniversity AffiliationAnorexia: The Role of MediaMedia plays a very important role in our day to day lives. Whether negative or positive, the impact is felt far and wide because millions of people have access to the media worldwide. Direct impact also depends on the recipient since all humans do not respond to the message in the same way. The media has been reported to influence how we behave and maintain the size of our bodies. Women are the most affected persons since they are more concerned with appearance than men. As a result, many people suffer from eating disorders which include anorexia, bulimia and binge eating.Anorexia or Anorexia nervosa as it is popularly known is a serious eating disorder depicted by self starvation and excessive weight loss which can result in death. Affected persons take inadequate food; have intense fear of weight gain and low self esteem. According to Butterfly (2015), a foundation for e ating disorders, a person with Anorexia has not made a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"lifestyle choiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ they are actually unwell and need help. The foundation postulates that anorexia is actually caused by predisposition and a combination of environmental, social and cultural factors. They also agree with earlier studies which show that more women suffer from anorexia than men. There has been a rise in incidence of anorexia in young women 15-19 in each decade since 1930 (Hoek, Van Hoeken, 2003). Shelly and Ward (2008) says that body dissatisfaction has reached normative levels among American girls and young women. These perceptions develop relatively early, emerging among children and appear to exist across diverse levels of body size and race (Dohnt and Tiggermann, 2006).Anorexia cases are increasing daily as individuals access the media. Repeated exposure to media content leads viewers to accept media portrayals as representations of reality (Shelly and Ward, 2008). Presentation of wome n in the media is so skewed adopting this reality may lead to decreased satisfaction with oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s body (Levine Harrison, 2004). Persons are exposed to powerful and continuous reinforcing mechanisms through exposure to consistent, reiterative and persuasive thin-ideal images (Blaine McElroy, 2002). Some parents often complain about the kind of media material which their children like viewing or reading. According to Junor (2011) parents frequently told journalists of their distress at finding a cache or hoard of press or magazine articles about eating disorders which their child was using for inspiration.Many people who view the thin images in the media end up suffering from low self esteem. Exposure to unattainable beauty in both women and men generally favors dissatisfaction with their bodies ( Ruth, 2010). Pinhas (1999) says self-image of subjects was devalued negatively when they compared self-image with pre-selected images of thin image in magazines. According to Joshi , Herman Polivy (2004) these pictures serve as inspiration and enhancer to food restriction. Constant exposure has also resulted in idealization of stereotypes. Comparison or exposure to beauty standards may have an immediate negative impact on body satisfaction and self-esteem (Stormer Thompson, 1996). Girls who are pressured by the media to be...

Cxc Mutipe Choice Questions - 13016 Words

CXC SOCIAL STUDIES QUESTIONS MULTIPLE CHOICE The main reason for the origin of the Caribbean Community is: a) The need for economic cooperation b) The formation of Carifta c) The existence of one type of people d) The maintenance of the University of the West Indies. The first Heads of Government Conference was held in: a) August, 1962 b) May, 1961 c) July, 1963 d) July, 1974. The four countries that attended the first Heads of Government Conference were: a) Jamaica, Guyana, Grenada and Barbados b) Barbados, Jamaica, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago c) Barbados, Jamaica, Guyana and Belize d) Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Jamaica and St. Lucia. Carifta came into being on: a) May 1, 1968 b) July 1, 1968 c) August 1, 1968 d) May†¦show more content†¦Identify the odd one in the following statements: a) Caricom institutions are responsible for formulating policies b) All Caricom members signed the treaty in 1973 c) Associate members of Caricom are independent bodies d) Common Market Council in the principal organ of the Common Market. Caricom was established to a) Develop a common currency b) Encourage closer relations with the U.S. c) Promote regional cooperation d) Replace federation Identify the island below, which does NOT belong to CARICOM a) Barbados b) Trinidad c) Jamaica d) Cuba All of the following are organizations connected to CARICOM except a) Caribbean Examinations Council b) Caribbean Development Bank c) International Monetary Fund d) Common Market Council Which of the following groups does not consist mainly of Third World Countries? a) ACP b) EU c) OECS d) CARICOM Which of the following institutions is responsible for coordinating health services within CARICOM? a) Caribbean Ministries Of Health b) Caribbean Community Secretariat c) The World Health Organisation d) Pan American Health Organisation CARICOM is a Caribbean organisation of a) All the Caribbean territories b) The Caribbean territories that were colonised c) The independent territories of the Caribbean d) Caribbean territories that were British colonies Among our CARICOM partners is a) Venezuela b) Antigua c) Mexico d) Martinique

James Fenimore Cooper s Impact On American Literature

James Fenimore Cooper had a very interesting life, molded American literature, and influenced many popular authors, such as Herman Melville, Richard Henry Dana, Jr., Francis Parkman, and even Mark Twain, through his â€Å"literary offenses.†(1) The experiences Cooper had throughout his life shaped his rogue character and literary style. The evidence of Cooper’s impact to American literature is well documented. James Fenimore Cooper was born on September 15, 1789 in Burlington, New Jersey to William Cooper and Elizabeth Fenimore. James was the last of twelve children; only seven survived childhood: Richard, Hannah, Isaac, Ann, William and Samuel. Within the first year of James’ birth, he moved from New Jersey to the source of the Susquehanna†¦show more content†¦At the age of 12, William Cooper resolved to send James to a Latin based boarding school run by Reverend Thomas Ellison. James’ closest companion in boarding school was William Jay, the second son of governor John Jay. They used to adventure around New York, especially in the excavated plot of land which Saint Peter’s Church would be built on, with other boys who would later become business for the state. This foreshadowed James’ trickster attitude. By the age of thirteen, James entered Yale College. Some evidence to the claims of James’ rogue character surface during his time at Yale. Simply stated: Cooper was a prankster. It is reported that he put a donkey in a teacher’s classroom, and many other tricks. James never got into large trouble until his biggest prank: he blew up another student’s dorm door with gunpowder. By the age of 16, James Fenimore Cooper was expelled from Yale College. Shortly after James left Yale, he enrolled in the Navy. There is little to no information about this time of his life other than it being a basis for his first book: Afloat and Ashore: A Sea Tale. On December 22, 1809, his father, William Cooper died from a blow to the back of the head delivered by a political opponent; this was a devastating episode as James was at sea when his father passed. Shortly after, James met Susan DeLancey, whom he married on on January 1, 1811. The DeLanceys were a wealthy family related toShow MoreRelated Cooper and Cole: Comments on the Power of Nature in The Last of the Mohicans1931 Words   |  8 PagesCooper and Cole: Comments on the Power of Nature in The Last of the Mohicans In the history of American literature, James Fenimore Cooper played a substantial role in the development of American fiction and the American character (McWilliams 20-21). During his own time, Cooper influenced public opinion on many important political issues, especially those relating to the Native Americans, and especially the Indian Removal controversy of the 1830s (McWilliams 84). Of all of his writings, howeverRead MoreAn Introduction to Native American Literature1015 Words   |  5 PagesAN INTRODUCTION TO NATIVE AMERICAN LITERATURE Native American literatures embrace the memories of creation stories, the tragic wisdom of native ceremonies, trickster narratives, and the outcome of chance and other occurrences in the most diverse cultures in the world. These distinctive literatures, eminent in both oral performances and in the imagination of written narratives, cannot be discovered in reductive social science translations or altogether understood in the historical constructions ofRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 PagesBrief Survey of American Literature 1. Beginnings to 1700 Great mixing of peoples from the whole Atlantic basin Bloody conflicts between Native Americans (or American Indians) and European explorers and settlers who had both religious and territorial aspirations - Native American oral literature / oral tradition - European explorers’ letters, diaries, reports, etc., such as Christopher Columbus’s letters about his voyage to the â€Å"New world†. - Anglo (New England) settlers’ books, sermonsRead MoreEssay on Impact of the Industrial Revolution on History2331 Words   |  10 Pagesand medicine took place altering society and ways of life. People were changed along with culture (Miller, 489-97). However, throughout these ever flexing times, one thing remained nearly consistent-literature. Of course, even the arts were revolutionized. During the Industrial revolution literature, as it usually does, reflected the dramatic, social, and economic developments taking place throughout the world. Artists revealed in their work a sense of the rapidly changing times and the influenceRead MoreThe Importance Of Forging The National Economy2994 Words   |  12 PagesMovement 1. Americans even though there were many hardships, diseases, and general difficulties continued to migrate. This movement westward was often permanent 2. Westerners and pioneers tend to be more independent, stubborn, uneducated, and ambitious. This was likely due to the lack of government and helping hands they had 3. This trip and landscape caused many of America s popular literature pieces to come of age. Namely James Fenimore Cooper s â€Å"Natty Bumppo† and Herman Melville s â€Å"Captain Ahab†Read MoreInfluence of Immigration on the American Culture and Language14362 Words   |  58 PagesInfluence of Immigration on the American Culture and Language CONTENT Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The Main Part †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Chapter I In Search of America †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.1. America: Its Image and Reality†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.2. The Reasons of Immigration to the USA†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3. . The Importance of Religious Beliefs: â€Å"One Nation under God † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Chapter II The Nation of Immigrants†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.1. American beliefs and values†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

Colonel James D. Smith - 1180 Words

Edgehill Losses- Colonel James D. Smith, of Malmesbury, who commanded the twenty-first royalist cavalry at Edgehill stated earlier this evening, that it is only he of his regiment, who survived the bloody battle with an indecisive victor. He recounted the scene of the battle. As local inhabitants looked on the regiment fell to the heavens, there was body parts and blood covering the ground. One couldn’t tell who was alive and who was not. Lieutenant Edward B. Jones Jr., the youngest member of the regiment, whose own father used him as his own substitute, was the first to fall. One must have a hard time seeing why one should dutifully oblige the Kings’ request to fight with the numerous ghastly deaths. What is the greater good and greater†¦show more content†¦According to Hobbes, individuals have the right of nature or in other words the freedom to use one’s own power to doing anything and everything to preserve one self’s life. This is only just a nd right if one is acting with judgment and reason. [91] In putting the preservation of ones life above all else makes humans inherently selfish. Under the assumption that human nature is selfish and one is always justified in attempting to avoid a violent death, how can one be obliged to serve? Human naturally are creatures whom, ultimately act only if it maximizes our own self-interests. However, this obligation is not only in ones self interest but also in societies best interest only after one enters into the social contract. In entering into the social contract, one voluntarily transfers ones rights on to another then he is now obligated or bound to the superior authority he has transferred these rights upon. These bond or agreements hold strength due to the fear of punishment upon breaching of the contract. [92-93] However, there are some rights that are inalienable such as what Hobbes describes as the â€Å"the true liberties of subjects† in which are never relinquished to another. [150] Thus it is in the best interest of man to voluntarily transfer the rights one can. [92-93] The social contract theory or the regulating legal and moral standards in which allows everyone to thrive. The sovereign or the supreme authority creates property rights

Sexuality at Different Life Stages Essay - 1018 Words

Sex is an essential behavior for our existence in the human race. An individual may begin to experience sexual behaviors even prior to birth. Throughout an individual’s life they will experience different stages of sexuality. This paper will address concerns, feelings, and changes that Anna, Tom and Susan, and Bill are experiencing during their specific life stage as well as some coaching ideas and recommendations to aid them through the roadblocks in his or her way so they each can continue to move through the life stages of sexuality. Adolescence Stage Anna is an adolescent girl who has a boyfriend whom is three years older than her. Anna’s mother has expressed some concerns about the relationship because of the age†¦show more content†¦In thinking about her own feelings, Anna needs to take into consideration her parents views and feelings on sex. Open communication between Anna and her parents will allow for an open relationship and when or if a question needs to be asked or a situation arises, there will not be animosity between anyone involved. Although Anna’s mother is feeling anxiety about the situation, she also needs to remain strong and supportive of her daughter even though she may have to make some tough decisions such as should she try to protect Anna from becoming pregnant by bringing her to get birth control, or does she feel it will encourage sex between Anna and her boyfriend? Anna needs to make an informative decision about herself, her feelings towards her parents, and her r elationship. The Later Years Tom and Susan is an elderly, retired couple. Susan has shown a renewed interest in sexual activity whereas Tom is uncertain about his sexual abilities at his age. It is important that Tom and Susan communicate and express their sexual desires to one another because it is still an important factor in their relationship. Tom and Susan must be aware of the physical as well as the psychological changes that they may be experiencing. As an individual ages, their appearance starts to change including gray hair emerges, wrinklesShow MoreRelatedSexuality at Different Life Stages986 Words   |  4 PagesSexuality at Different Life Stages The therapist’s response to Anna Anna you have been having some issues lately regarding having a boyfriend and your mother is concerned that you are not ready for a relationship with an older boy. At this point you think that what you are feeling for your boyfriend is love, but true love is when your partner can understand what you are going through and help you to go through it rather than force you to make a decision now. Maybe you are feeling that if youRead MoreSexuality at Different Life Stages766 Words   |  4 PagesSexuality at Different Life Stages Kimberly Hamsher PSY/265 April 13, 2014 Kimberly Hima Sexuality at Different Life Stages In the case of Ashley, I would assume her therapist would point out all the options she has before deciding if she wants to pursue a sexual relationship with her boyfriend. She should explain the variety of emotions an adolescent girl might feel when a boy or young man shows an interest in her. She should let her know that the word love can sometimes be displaced andRead MoreSexuality Is An Omnipresent Factor That Affects Everyone809 Words   |  4 PagesSexuality is an omnipresent factor that affects everyone individually in society today. It is a term that can be labeled as different things or meanings. Sexuality is a topic that is understood by all, yet talked by few. 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This can be achieved by applying theoretical frameworks such as Erickson’s Stages of Development, Intersectionality, andRead MoreAlize Johnson. Mr. Sidney. British Literature . March 27,1280 Words   |  6 PagesAlize Johnson Mr. Sidney British Literature March 27, 2017 Teen Sexuality â€Å"How sexuality, love,and autonomy are perceived and negotiated in parent-child relationships and among teenagers depends on the cultural templates people have available† -Amy Schale, 2010 The controversy over teen sexuality in America seems to be one of the top ranked topics that floods the internet, talk shows, and radio stations. 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Introduction to Christology Free Essays

Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary Theo 530: Systematic Theology II Lesson 1 Dr. Daniel R Mitchell, Professor Introduction to Christology Contemporary Issues in Christological Method Overview Christ and History The Search Christology from Above vs. from Below The Person or Work of Christ, Which is Prior? Christ and Myth I. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Christology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction to this Study A. Relation to other Theological Study 1 Theology Proper (above) 2 Man and Sin (below) Three Issues Addressed Here 1 Faith and History/Reason 2 Ontology vs. Function 3 Myth and the Nature of the Biblical Witness II. Search for the Historical Jesus Key Players: Strauss, Renan, Harnack Harnack’s Presuppositions NT and Superstitious Culture Ancient Miracle Claims are Commonplace Anti-supernaturalism Miracle Claims are Rooted in Ignorance Harnack and the Essential Message of Jesus The Kingdom of God and its Coming God the Father and the infinite value of the human soul The higher Righteousness and the Commandment of Love III. Critique of the Classic Liberal Position A. Schweitzer, Search of the Historical Jesus Jesus in the NT is thoroughly Eschatological. It is Presumptuous for Moderns to try to Reinvent Him. Jesus was â€Å"wrong,† but his essential message is not lost on the NT reader. Kahler 1 Distinguished Historie and Geschichte 2 Contrasted â€Å"Jesus† of Historie and the â€Å"Christ† of Geschichte. IV. Above or Below? 1 Kahler’s Distinction led to the question: Which is prior—Historie or Geschichte? 2 The Neo-Orthodox Theologians such as Barth, Bultmann, and Brunner begin with the Kerygma—from Above (the NT w itness). 3 Kasemann (â€Å"New Search†) and Pannenberg begin with Historie (probable facts)—from Below. 4 Erickson wants to use both in dynamic tension. 1 Following Augustine he begins with faith (from above) 2 He proceeds â€Å"from below† to test the reliability of his faith-given â€Å"hypothesis. V. The Person vs. the Work of Christ The NT seems to Link these 1. (e. g. Messianic Mission and Divine Sonship) Classic Theology Separated them and Stressed Ontology (the Person) Reformers (Luther/Calvin) followed Classic theology, but emphasized the Soteriological significance (Work) of Christ. Modern Theology Continued and Exaggerated this Distinction and Emphasis. Schleiermacher— â€Å"feelings† Bultmann/Tillich—â€Å"existential† question VI. Pros and Cons of the Two Approaches Christology from Above Strength—Emphasizes â€Å"Who† Christ is in evaluating the significance of His Work. Weakness—Tends to become bogged down in philosophical questions, which have no relevance to practical life. Christology from Below Strength—Relevance to Life Weakness—Driven by â€Å"felt needs† and Risks blindness to Issues of Importance that are only secured â€Å"from above. † VII. Christ and the Incarnation Myth Bultmann and â€Å"demythologization. † Builds on the philosophy of Idealism Links Christianity and World Religions Erickson’s Responses The Incarnation is a Mystery The Doctrine is Rooted in Jesus’ own Claims of Himself. The NT teaching is entirely unique to the World’s Religions. How to cite Introduction to Christology, Papers

Examine the role of the Inspector Goole Essay Example For Students

Examine the role of the Inspector Goole Essay Examine the role of the Inspector Goole in An Inspector Calls and comment on what Priestly reveals about his own society.  J.P Priestley An Inspector Calls was written in 1945 but however he decided to set it in late 1912. He deliberately set this play in 1912 because the date represented an era when all was very different form the time he was writing. In 1912, rigid class and gender boundaries seemed to ensure that nothing would change. Yet by 1945 most of those class and gender divisions had been breached. Writing this play during this later stage provided the audience with the power of hindsight and allowed them to wonder about the idea of how people reacted to the sense of war and other relations. During the action of this play a number of victims are interrogated but mainly I shall talk about the interrogator Inspector Goole. As doing so I shall explore the role played by the Inspector as a number of mysteries are ravelled about him. I will also comment on what Priestley reveals about his own society through his creation of the inspector.  The opening stage directions indicate to us how Priestley determines the way he wishes the play to be presented. Before we are introduced to any of the main characters Priestley describes how he wants the lighting to be displayed. The lighting should be pink and intimate: this helps to reinforce the initially rose-tinted mood. He is highlighting how well off this family are, in excitement and happiness for each other. He speaks about how the dinning table is created, placing on it champagne glasses, cigar box and cigarettes, but later as we know their whole plan of a celebration is about to be destroyed. As Mr Birling talks about youd think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were al mixed up, together like bees in a hive, and interrupting his speech, the door bell rang. At this point we have an idea that the inspector was over listening, knowing how wrong Birling is and decides to take his course. Again as we have an idea that the inspector arrives Priestley creates a brighter and much harder light. From this point on we know that this man is going to have a huge impact upon the rest of the characters and is about to change their way of living, well at least for some of them. Before the inspector arrives Mr Birling stands up to his family and maybe his future son-in-law and gives a speech in so much confidence and belief in himself about how theres no chance of war and other events, I say there isnt a chance of war. Throughout Priestley uses a technique of Dramatic Irony, which puts the audience in a situation where they know, more than the characters onstage do. An example that Birling does not believe that a war will take place is Youll be living in a world that will have forgotten all these capital versus labour agitations and all these silly little war scares. But what he doesnt know is that the characters he is talking to may shall be in the middle of the Second World War and the audience are very aware of the severity of this. Priestly continuously allows Birling to lead himself on up the garden path in his historical predictions and which shows him to be wrong about him whole outlook on the world. Birling continues elevating his own status by talking about how to bring their two families together. Again with the use of Dramatic Irony he puts himself in a situation where we find out who his real character is and see the arrogance in his words. Its rather important that the inspector arrived when he did because Birling had the ability to go on and the audience with the power of hindsight know that no right will come from this man. As if it was the inspector listening in on the whole conversation and he abruptly interrupts and now knows that it is about time to take charge and correct his errors. .uebbd812d920ed294b46efd72cfb564ea , .uebbd812d920ed294b46efd72cfb564ea .postImageUrl , .uebbd812d920ed294b46efd72cfb564ea .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uebbd812d920ed294b46efd72cfb564ea , .uebbd812d920ed294b46efd72cfb564ea:hover , .uebbd812d920ed294b46efd72cfb564ea:visited , .uebbd812d920ed294b46efd72cfb564ea:active { border:0!important; } .uebbd812d920ed294b46efd72cfb564ea .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uebbd812d920ed294b46efd72cfb564ea { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uebbd812d920ed294b46efd72cfb564ea:active , .uebbd812d920ed294b46efd72cfb564ea:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uebbd812d920ed294b46efd72cfb564ea .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uebbd812d920ed294b46efd72cfb564ea .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uebbd812d920ed294b46efd72cfb564ea .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uebbd812d920ed294b46efd72cfb564ea .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uebbd812d920ed294b46efd72cfb564ea:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uebbd812d920ed294b46efd72cfb564ea .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uebbd812d920ed294b46efd72cfb564ea .uebbd812d920ed294b46efd72cfb564ea-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uebbd812d920ed294b46efd72cfb564ea:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Main Messages Of The Play EssaySeconds before the inspectors arrival we have Birling give one of the most important speeches of the play. Now Birling talks about look after himself and his own. We now know exactly the character we are being introduced to. Youd think everybody has to look after everybody else, as if we were all mixed up together like bees in a hive community and all that nonsense. Again we have another vision of this characters personality and shows that he fails to realise his social and collective responsibility and he doesnt realise how much of an impact that he has on others. Another technique Priestley uses is that he is highlighting Birlings self obsessed attitude and only wants himself to look after. Priestley waits until now to introduce the inspector because now Mr Birling has revealed himself and has widely expressed his opinions and now is the time of the arrival, the time for the breaking of this man. The inspector is about to interrupt their little celebration, their past memories and reveal their true identity to each other.  At this stage the inspector is about to be introduced to us. Birlings speech is rudely interrupted as if it wasnt accidental. As the inspector is about to enter Birling says, Give us some more light. This explains that he wishes to shed light on what is about to happen but what he doesnt know is things are about to become harsher just like the light itself.

World Scholars Cup free essay sample

Heistheauthorof a  bestselling  trilogy  of topographical U. S. travel writing. Blue Highways, which spent 42 weeks on the  New York Times  bestseller list in 1982–83, is a chronicle of a three-month-long road trip that Least Heat Moon took throughout the United States in 1978 after losing his teaching job and separating from his first wife. Experts categorize this book as travel literature. It is a travel book, for William traveled 13,000 miles, as much as possible on secondary roads (often drawn on  maps  in blue, especially in the old-style  Rand McNally road atlas) and tried to avoid cities. Living out of the back of his  van which has been named â€Å"Ghost Dancing†, he visited small towns such as  Nameless, Tennessee;  Hachita, New Mexico; and  Bagley, Minnesota  to find places in America untouched by  fast food  chains and  interstate highways. The book records encounters in roadside  cafes  as well as his search for something greater than himself. We will write a custom essay sample on World Scholars Cup or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He describes places, converses with people, learns or reviews history. As may be expected, the places are common and strange, mundane and magical. Some are pleasing and peaceful; others evoke indignance in William, unpleasantness and judgment. Most of the people are kind, some of them are wise. Some are alive with vitality and hope, others ghosts or near ghosts. The events that caused him to put his usual life on hold, and take up this oddyssey, will strike a responsive chord for many readers who have ever wanted to stop the world and step back in time. His experiences, the people he meets, the conversations they enjoy, make for an extraordinary insight into America. His writing sings in the way that the old story tellers did weaving a web that captures and captivates you until you finish the book. And then you dont stop until youve read all of his books! (Wish hed write some more). I recommend this book highly for personal reading and for gifts. In the brief first chapter, Least-Heat Moon describes how, in the space of one day, he learns that his position as an English professor was terminated because of declining enrollment, and that the wife from whom he was separated had been seeing someone new.

Using an Amcas Application Essay Sample

Using an Amcas Application Essay SampleThe Amcas Application Essay Sample helps you make a final decision on the college you wish to apply to. As many students apply to more than one college, you may wish to look at a sample that focuses on the prospective college. You can take your time and choose from a wide range of colleges from which to choose.The second option is to have a well written essay, but of course, that can be very challenging. Luckily, there are many writers who would be willing to give you a list of assignments that are easy to complete. If you can see a problem in the essay you can write to them immediately and they will help you see how to fix the problem.If you don't want to write an essay, you can get a free sample that will be easy to read and understand. These samples are by no means to be taken as the only available courses, or advice on how to write an essay. The information can be much better and more accurate.Most of the great things you will find in the es say samples are easily used to write your own essay. You will be working with a list of good points that you should not ignore. You can use your own best writing from your resume and use this as your idea. This is the best and most practical way to get the basics you need to make your essay great.You can find a free Amcas Application Essay Sample that will help you with a question that many people ask, namely how to find and use the information you need to answer your essay. For example, the sample might contain the answer key to a test. The student will have to ask the question of his or her self, 'What answer key would work best for this question?' The answer key is an easy way to gain some more knowledge on the subject.A sample can help you gather all the information that you need to get started on writing your essay. The information is usually contained in the introduction. The information in the introduction might be located at the bottom of the page, and you can refer to the i nformation you just gathered in the way you see fit. Most of the time the sample contains answers to all the types of questions you might ask.When the final version of your essay is complete, there will be a box that will have additional information. You can enter the information that you wanted in your essay and the response will show up after you check off each box. You can have your writing checked and proofread, and all your comments will be included in the final copy of your essay.

Riastarthae essays

Riastarthae essays Early Irish war culture, animal symbolism, and mating Then his riastarthae came upon him. You would have thought that every hair was being driven into his head. You would have thought that a spark of fire was on every hair. He closed one eye until it was no wider than the eye of a needle; he opened the other until it was as big as a wooden bowl. He barred his teeth from jaw to ear, and he opened his mouth until the gullet was visible. The warriors moon rose from his head. This excerpt, from The Boyhood Deeds of C Chulaind, describes C Chulainds war spasm/war anger (riastarthae) which is a perfect example of a mythic Celtic warrior. Many (if not all) of the early Irish myths and sagas revolve around a warrior culture theme. Celtic warriors were often from the middle/upper class and being a warrior meant being heroic. The Celtic warrior culture lived for war; everything had to be larger than life. Ritual was a large part of life and boasting of victories was on the top of the list. Fighting amongst warriors was an important part of life and many warriors were reckless due to their glorification of bravery. The Celtic warriors were known by sight and description by their dress and chariot. Many warriors used little armor and often opted to fight naked. Swords were as long as 2.5 meters and large oval shields were used as the only source of protection. The Celtic warrior was a head hunter. After a battle the severed head would be displayed within their temple, and sometimes submerged in a vat of wine. Animal symbolism can be related to the warrior culture. Flocks of birds are sometimes seen flying above a warrior and charioteer. The birds represent a warriors prowess by method of capture, prophetic knowledge, bloodshed, and skill. The chariot is pulled by two horses which are vibrantly described in stories. The horses represent fertility, prosperity, and ...

When the Biblical Exodus Would Have Taken Place

When the Biblical Exodus Would Have Taken Place Exodus is not only the name of a book in the Old Testament but a momentous event for the Hebrew people- their departure from Egypt. Unfortunately, there is no easy answer as to when it occurred. Was the Exodus Real? Although there can be a chronology within the framework of a fictional story or myth, dating the events is generally impossible. To have a historical date, normally an event must be real; therefore the question must be asked as to whether or not the Exodus actually happened. Some believe the Exodus never took place because there is no physical or literary proof beyond the Bible. Others say all the proof that is needed is in the Bible. While there will always be skeptics, most assume there was some basis in historical/archaeological fact. How Do Archaeologists and Historians Date the Event? Archaeologists and historians, comparing archaeological, historical, and Biblical records, tend to date the Exodus somewhere between the 3d and 2d millennia B.C. Most favor one of three basic time frames: 16th century B.C.15th century B.C.13th century B.C. The main problem with dating the Exodus is that archaeological evidence and Biblical references do not line up. 16th, 15th Century Dating Problems Make the period of the Judges too long (300-400 years long),Involve extensive interaction with kingdoms which only came into existence laterMake no mention of the heavy local influence the Egyptians had in the area of Syria and Palestine 16th, 15th Century Support However, some Biblical evidence supports the 15th-century date, and the expulsion of the Hyksos favors the earlier date. The expulsion of the Hyksos evidence is important because it is the only historically recorded collective exodus from Egypt of people from Asia until the first millennium B.C. Advantages of the 13th Century Date The 13th century date solves the problems of the earlier ones (the period of the Judges would not be too long, there is archaeological evidence of the kingdoms the Hebrews had extensive contact with, and the Egyptians were no longer a major force in the area) and is the date accepted by more archaeologists and historians than the others. With the 13th century dating of the Exodus, settlement of Canaan by the Israelites occurs in the 12th century B.C.

Workplace Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Workplace Safety - Essay Example (Gustafson, 2011). This article reflects on an issue that involves a severe attack on the employee Rich Dean by a dangerous prisoner Lehtinen. Dean is seriously distressed by the news that Oregon hospital will not have to deal with any sanctions in regard to the violent incident even after a long workplace safety inspection undertaken by Oregon’s Occupational Safety and Health Division (OSHA). This decision by OSHA led Dean to present his issues with the results of the investigation in an interview. Dean voiced facts that set in contrast to the justifications presented by OSHA. According to OSHA, Dean issued a citation against the hospital’s security administration on no grounds. This is because the hospital has always adopted satisfactory security measures and conducted safety assessments before the grave attack on Dean occurred. Also, there had been no violent attacks on any hospital employee by the jail inmates before that incident and high-profile assault prevention training is also given to the employees according to the OSHA report. Now, Dean claimed that when he was attacked by Lehtinen, the two other employees dog-piled on him and Lehtinen, which gave Lehtinen an easy access to land heavy kicks on Dean’s eyes, shoulders, and neck. Had it not been for the careless action of the two other security men, Dean would surely have saved himself from Lehtinen’s attacks. Also, the emergency alarm system was sadly out of function at the time of the assault.

Why patient outcomes are improved when cared for on specialised Stoke Essay

Why patient outcomes are improved when cared for on specialised Stoke Units - Essay Example Advances in diagnostic aids and medical treatment have come to the aid of the treatment of stroke. Multidisciplinary specialized stroke units have evolved as a sequel to these developments. Specialized stroke units have demonstrated the capability of improving the outcomes of stroke patients. Recommendations: Sound development of specialized stroke units as the means for treatment of stroke patients. Medical, nursing and therapist educational facilities to incorporate educational strategies to provide for the development of these members of the multidisciplinary specialized stroke unit. Additional research into is required into areas for which, evidence is currently not completely validated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of specialist stroke units, when compared to other medical care modes like speciality wards and general wards, on the outcome of patients that have undergone a stroke event. A further aim of this study is to show that specialist stroke units provide better outcomes for stroke patients, as opposed to general wards or other speciality wards, by evaluating the outcomes of patients treated in stroke units as compared to speciality and general wards. The outcomes that would be investigated to provide clarity in the comparison of stroke units to general wards or other speciality wards would include mortality and disability rates, length of stay, development of complications, rehabilitation potential, cost effectiveness and patient satisfaction. Around the world stroke is attracting more and more attention as a medical problem of growing dimensions. The attention is not restricted to the field of medical studies, but has also drawn the attention of the health authorities and the media. This is because stroke has a considerable impact on the socio-economic status of communities around the globe. It was initially thought that stroke was a problem of the western developed

Should Video Games be Considered a Sport?

Should Video Games be Considered a Sport? Video Games has become one of the most popular source of entertainment. Inspired by countless numbers of screaming supporters with lots of cash in prize on the line. Top competitors must hold up against hard training workouts, but also enjoy good income and business offers. We are not mentioning to basketball or football here, but the top-level world of professional activity enjoying. Many activities such as on-line poker, polo and golf have been asked as authentic activities. According to the world Olympic board, on-line poker, polo and golf all fall under the category of activities. But it seems that golf has been the only activity conducted at the Olympics of these three. That makes an odd point, if these activities are considered activity, why arent they offered as activity by the Olympic board. Activision, one of the top activity enjoying companies known for titles such as The Amazing Spiderman, Transformer, and Deadpool is now looking for to create an official ESPN division cal led Major Group Gaming(MGG) according to their venture. This has led to the debate on whether video games are a real activity and if Activisions attempt to create Major Group Gaming can provide an increase in income and recognition or a huge failure. In order to figure out whether an activity can become a sport needs a close look of the meaning. According to the vocabulary, a game is an action including movements and expertise in which an individual or team plays against another or others for enjoyment. Even though video games easily drop under a classification of skills being used and including one or more participants, it overlooks the movements part of the information. Unless you consider moving fingertips as movements, video games do not drop under this purpose of game. This is only one of many explanations for sport. There are many versions to the meaning that will play an important part in identifying if in fact activities is highly recommended sports on a nationwide field. Regardless of these activities being considered a sport or not, games companies will have difficulties shifting their competition into a satellite TV game route in order for the game to become worldwide. Although, some activities have been subject of international finalization and challenge around the entire globe in the past 10 years. For example, League of Legends, one of the popular game played on the globe granted $1 million to their last years champ in the competition. Such activities being regarded as sport seems difficult to believe but extensive reputation of the category may change the publics understanding, especially with Activisions production of Major Group Game. For MGG to become a nationwide feeling, Activision is going to have to achieve viewers other than the range of younger gamers who have come up with preliminary market for expert gamers. The fact that only adolescents have interest in viewing or taking part in expert gaming but as they get older and as the expert gaming field produces, it is completely possible for expert gaming to stick the unique aging viewers as well as the future genesis. By consequence, there may be a pretty firm base for expert gaming to have a world of sports. Not only adolescents would have fun with the competitors, also mature as well. If money is engaged, the viewers will be more drawn to the competitors. Technology affect our lives a lot. It has increased rapidly in the field of our basic lives activities. Simulation play an important role in this subject matter. As of today, Sony-one of the biggest company to produce consoles and other devices, developed a device for video game called Virtual Reality(VR). What the VR does is allowing the user to play a video game with the feeling that he is in the video games. Basically, your movement in real life is connected to your character or image in the game. This is just one way of saying that video is not just sitting at on a couch with a bag of food. It also involves physic movement which relate to the real-life sport and exercise. Factors Affecting Reaction Rates: Experiment Factors Affecting Reaction Rates: Experiment Maria Angela R. Dulin and Felix P. Terencio Jr. ABSTRACT An area in chemistry that focuses on the speed or rate at which a chemical reaction takes place is chemical kinetics. In drug making, in pollution control and in food processing, knowledge about the rate of reaction is useful (Chang, 2010). Since chemical kinetics has a widespread application in our daily lives, it is just right to take a deeper look into this field. Moreover, the determination of factors affecting reaction rates is essential in this study. Thus, the focus of this experiment was to determine the effects of some of these factors on reaction rates. This was done by having a specific variable altered in two or more setups in each part of the experiment like the nature of the reactants, concentration, temperature, surface area and the presence of a catalyst. Conclusions were drawn based on the results obtained from the experiment. It was shown that an increase in temperature, surface area and concentration leads to an increase of the reaction rate, also the more reactive the reactants in nature the faster the reaction rate. Lastly, the addition of catalyst resulted to an increase in reaction rate. INTRODUCTION Kinetics oftenly suggests a definition that pertains to movement and change or, in terms of energy, the energy that is harnessed through an object’s motion. Chemical kinetics, however, refers to the branch of chemistry that deals with the speeds at which a chemical reaction occurs. Kinetics also refers to the rate of a reaction, or the reaction rate, which can be defined as the change in the concentration of a reactant or product with respect to time (Chang, 2010). Due to the fact that the actual manner in which a reaction occurs is not yet fully understood, the following reaction rate theories are commonly used to explain how reactions happen: the Collision Theory and the Transition State Theory. According to the Collision Theory, all reactions happen as the result of collisions of the reacting molecules. However, not all collisions are successful in producing a reaction. For a collision between molecules to be productive, they must possess the minimum amount of energy required which is the activation energy (Ea) and the proper orientation. On the other hand, it is stated by the Transition State Theory that an intermediate complex or transition state complex, that cannot be isolated, is produced prior to the formation of the final product (Engle Ilao, 2007). In addition to these reaction rate theories, it is also vital to the total comprehension of the behavior of reaction rates to understand how certain factors can affect them. Through the m anipulation of the nature and concentration of reactants, temperature, presence of a catalyst, and surface area, we are able to examine and observe how these factors can alter or change the rate of the chemical reaction. The experiment aims to determine the effects of those stated factors on the rates of chemical reactions. The determination of the rate law expression using the method of initial rates is also an objective of the experiment. Lastly, the value of the activation energy of a reaction should also be evaluated through accomplishing the experiment. METHODOLOGY All the necessary apparatus and reagents were gathered and prepared prior to the conduction of the experiment. The effects of the factors affecting reaction rates were observed in five separate parts of the procedure. The first factor to be tested was the nature of the reactants. Two test tubes were labelled as A and B. Each test tube contained 3 ml of water (H2O). In test tube A, a strip of magnesium ribbon (Mg) was added while in test tube B, a small piece of sodium metal (Na) was added. Observations were then recorded. The second factor that had been tested was the concentration of reactants. Two setups were prepared, hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentration was held constant while sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) concentration was variable for the first part. In contrast, HCl concentration was the variable while Na2S2O3 concentration was kept constant in the second setup. An empty 10-ml beaker was placed on a piece of white paper marked with an â€Å"X.† Then, a specific volume of 0.15 M Na2S2O3 was then placed inside the beaker. The researchers were tasked to check if the mark was still visible through the solution. Thereafter, a corresponding volume of H2O and 3 M HCl was added immediately. The time from the moment the HCl was added to the moment the mark was no longer visible had been recorded. The stated process was done ten times with varying volumes of reagents. 0.15 M Na2S2O3 (ml) H2O (ml) 3 M HCl (ml) I. Constant HCl Concentration 5 0 1 4 1 1 3 2 1 2 3 1 1 4 1 II. Constant Na2S2O3 Concentration 5 0 2.5 5 0.5 2.0 5 1.0 1.5 5 1.5 1.0 5 2.0 0.5 The third factor that was put into the test was temperature. Two test tubes were prepared, one with 5 ml of 0.15 M Na2S2O3 while the other contained 7.5 ml of H2O and 2 ml of 3 M HCl. Both test tubes were immersed in a water bath containing tap water for 5 minutes. Both solutions were mixed in a 50 ml beaker placed on top of a piece of white paper marked with X. The time from the moment the solutions were placed in the beaker to the moment the mark was no longer visible had been recorded. This process was repeated at two other temperatures: one approximately 10 ºC lower than room temperature and the other approximately 10 ºC greater. To test the surface area for the fourth part, two identical strips of Mg ribbon were needed, one was cut into smaller pieces and the other remained uncut. The uncut Mg ribbon and the shredded Mg ribbon were placed in separate test tubes. Then, 5 ml of 3 M HCl was added to both test tubes. Observations were then noted. The last factor, the presence of a catalyst was also tested by preparing two test tubes. In each of the two test tubes, 5 ml of 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was placed with about 1 g of Rochelle salt or sodium potassium tartrate. One test tube was then heated gently while a pinch of cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2) was added to the other test tube before it was heated gently. Observations had been recorded. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results from the first part of the experiment, where the nature of reactants was the factor to be tested, is shown by Table 1. The reaction profile of both reactions are presented by Figure 1. Table 1. Observations on the Nature of Reactants Reactants Visible Results A Mg ribbon Formation of small bubbles on the surface of the Mg ribbon; Very slow reaction compared to test tube B B Na metal Evolution of gas; Solution turned murky white with bubbles; Formation of heat; Fast reaction compared to test tube A It is evident from the results of the experiment that the reaction of Na metal with water has a lower activation energy compared to that of Mg ribbon. It is proven by how the reaction of Na metal was the faster and more reactive reaction, which can only mean that it has an activation energy low enough to be easily achieved or reached. This is because of Na having a more reactive nature, with an ionization energy of 496 kJ/mol, compared to that of Mg, which has a higher ionization energy of 737 kJ/mol, given that the lower the ionization energy required, the easier it is to remove electrons, making it much easier for the element to react (Larsen, â€Å"Ionization Energy†). Figure 1. Reaction profiles of the Reaction with Mg and Na How the concentration of the reactants affects the rate of reaction is shown by Tables 2.1 and 2.2. The slopes of the reaction rates with respect to the concentrations of the reactants of the setups can be found on Figures 2.1 and 2.2. Table 2.1. Constant HCl Concentration [Na2S2O3] [HCl] ln [Na2S2O3] Time (s) Rate (1/s) ln Rate 0.15 M 0.5 M -1.897 12 0.083 -2.485 0.12 M 0.5 M -2.12 17 0.059 -2.833 0.09 M 0.5 M -2.408 27 0.037 -3.296 0.06 M 0.5 M -2.813 42 0.024 -3.738 0.03 M 0.5 M -3.507 100 0.01 -4.605 Computations for the concentrations of HCl and Na2S2O3 are as follows: [HCl] = = 0.5 M [Na2S2O3]1 = = 0.15 M [Na2S2O3]2 = = 0.12 M [Na2S2O3]3 = = 0.09 M [Na2S2O3]4 = = 0.06 M [Na2S2O3]5 = = 0.03 M Through linear regression: r = 0.998 mNa2S2O3 = 1.298 y-intercept = -0.083 Where, y = ln Rate, x = ln [Na2S2O3] mNa2S2O3 = the order of the reaction with respect to Na2S2O3 y-intercept = ln k + mHCl Ãâ€" ln [HCl] Based on the gathered data from the experiment, the reaction is in first order with respect to Na2S2O3. Figure 2.1. ln Rate vs. ln [Na2S2O3] Table 2.2. Constant Na2S2O3 Concentration [Na2S2O3] [HCl] ln [HCl] Time (s) Rate (1/Time) ln Rate 0.1 M 3 M 1.099 5 0.2 -1.609 0.1 M 2.4 M 0.875 14 0.071 -2.639 0.1 M 1.8 M 0.588 14 0.071 -2.639 0.1 M 1.2 M 0.182 17 0.059 -2.833 0.1 M 0.6 M -0.511 20 0.05 -2.996 Computations for the concentrations of HCl and Na2S2O3 are as follows: [Na2S2O3] = = 0.1 M [HCl]1 = = 3.0 M [HCl]2 = = 2.4 M [HCl]3 = = 1.8 M [HCl]4 = = 1.2 M [HCl]5 = = 0.6 M Through linear regression: r = 0.771 mHCl = 0.659 y-intercept = -2.838 Where, y = ln Rate, x = ln [HCl] mHCl = the order of the reaction with respect to HCl y-intercept = ln k + mNa2S2O3 Ãâ€" ln [Na2S2O3] Based on the gathered data from the experiment, the given reaction is in zeroth order with respect to HCl. Figure 2.2. ln Rate vs. ln [HCl] With a first overall reaction order, the rate law expression of the given reaction is: Rate = k [Na2S2O3]1 [HCl]0 = k [Na2S2O3] Moreover, the specific rate constant is: Based on the data gathered with a constant [HCl] y-intercept = ln k + mHCl Ãâ€" ln [HCl] -0.083 = ln k + 0.659 (-0.693) ln k = 0.374 k = 1.453 s-1 Based on the data gathered with a constant [Na2S2O3] y-intercept = ln k + mNa2S2O3 Ãâ€" ln [Na2S2O3] -2.838 = ln k + 1.298 (-2.303) ln k = 0.151 k = 1.163 s-1 As seen in the rate law stated earlier, each reactant has an order which relates to how their concentration affect the rate of the reaction. That is, an increase in the concentration of the reacting particles also increases the reaction rate. As stated in the Collision Theory, all reactions happen as a result of collisions of the molecules of the reactants (Engle Ilao, 2007). It only makes sense that an increase in concentration of reactants means that the number of collisions among reacting particles would also increase. This could only prove that the rate of a reaction is directly proportional to the number of collisions. The effects of temperature to the rate of a reaction is shown by Table 3. The slope of the specific rate constant with respect to the temperature can be seen on Figure 3. Table 3. Temperature as a Factor Affecting Reaction Rates Temperature (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™) 1/Temperature (1/K) Time Rate (1/s) k (s-1) ln k 23.3 3.373 x 10-3 50 s 0.02 0.385 -0.955 31.5 3.282 x 10-3 34 s 0.029 0.558 -0.583 52.5 3.071 x 10-3 21 s 0.048 0.916 -0.088 Calculations for the concentrations of HCl and Na2S2O3, and the specific rate constant are as follows: [Na2S2O3] = = 0.052 M [HCl]i = = 0.041 M Rate = k [Na2S2O3] k = ki = = 0.385 s-1 k2 = = 0.558 s-1 k3 = = 0.923 s-1 Through linear regression: r = -0.99 ml = -2,778.572 y-intercept = 8.466 Where, y = ln k, x = 1/Temperature m = y-intercept = ln A Hence, m = Ea = -mR Ea = -(-2,778.572 K)(8.314 J/K mol)(1 kJ/1000 J) Ea = 23.101 y-intercept = ln A 8.466 = ln A A = 4,751.091 s-1 Figure 3. ln k vs. 1/Temperature It is proven by the results that the setup with the greatest temperature had the fastest reaction compared to the other two with lower temperatures. The relationship between temperature and the rate of a reaction can be explained by the Arrhenius equation: k = Ae-Ea/RT The Arrhenius equation exhibits the relationship of temperature to the specific rate constant of a reaction. That is, as T increases, the negative exponent decreases making the value of k larger, leading to an increase to the reaction rate. This is because of the presence high energy particles at higher temperatures. The greater fraction of excited particles, the easier it is to satisfy the energy of activation, which is a requirement for the reaction to take place (â€Å"The Arrhenius Equation†). Varying the amount of surface area of the reactant resulted into the visible observations that is shown by Table 4. A greater surface area means that there are more of the reactants’ surface exposed to one another. Simply put, there are more areas to react on. There is a greater chance for the reacting molecules to collide and interact. A smaller surface area, however, provides less area for reaction to occur. Some reacting molecules are shielded by other reacting molecules, making it harder to produce a reaction, resulting into a lower rate. Table 4. Observations on Surface Area of the Reactant Reactants Visible Results Strips of Mg ribbon Dissolution was relatively slower (reaction occurred in 26 seconds); Heat was formed; Evolution of gas was present Pieces of Mg ribbon Dissolution was fast (reaction occurred in 12.62 seconds); Heat was formed; Evolution of gas was also present The presence of a catalyst in the reaction resulted into the visible observations that is shown by Table 5. Catalysts are substances that alter the rate of reactions. A catalyst may speed up (a positive catalyst) or slow down (a negative catalyst) the reaction rate. In the given reaction in the experiment, CoCl2 acted as a positive homogeneous catalyst, which made the reaction rate occur faster and follow a different reaction mechanism with lower activation energies. Table 5. Observations upon Addition of a Catalyst Reactants Visible Results H2O2 + Rochelle Salt Colorless to murky; Relatively slow reaction (occurred in 30 seconds) H2O2 + Rochelle Salt + CoCl2 Purple to green, then turned pink again; Fast reaction (occurred in 23 seconds) In conclusion, many factors can affect the rate of a chemical reaction. The nature of the reactants affect the reaction rate based on the different activation energies of substances. The concentration of the reactants can also influence the frequency of collisions between the reacting molecules, which may affect the rate of reactions. Temperature not only affects the frequency of reactant collisions, but also affects the energy those collisions possess. The surface area of reactions influence the amount of available or exposed sites to react on. Lastly, the presence and nature of a catalyst not only alters the activation energy of the reaction, but also alters the mechanism in which the reactants react. REFERENCES Chang, R. (2010). Chemistry (10th ed.). New york, NY: McGraw-Hill. Engle, H. L., Ilao, L. V. (2015). Learning modules in general chemistry 2 (2007 ed). Manila, Philippines: Chemistry Unit, Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila. Larsen, D. (Ed.). (n.d.). Ionization Energy. Retrieved June 22, 2015, from http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Physical_Properties_of_Matter/Atomic_and_Molecular_Properties/Ionization_Energy The Arrhenius Equation. (1996). Retrieved June 22, 2015, from http://www.shodor.org/unchem/advanced/kin/arrhenius.html University of the Philippines Manila, Chemistry unit. (2015). Laboratory manual in general chemistry 2 (2007 ed.). Manila, Philippines: Author. CHEM 18.1, Factors Affecting Reaction Rates 1